ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Spathulenol was isolated from an extract of Azorella compacta Phil., Apiaceae, by various chromatographic method; identification of the chemical structure was confirmed by comparing its spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. The anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of spathulenol was evaluated on MDR, pre-XDR, and XDR clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis, as well as on the reference susceptible strain H37Rv and its cytotoxic activity was evaluated on the Vero Cell Line. The anti-M. tuberculosis activity of spathulenol was twice as potent against the MDR, pre-XDR, and XDR clinical isolates (6.25 µg/ml) than on the susceptible H37Rv strain (12.5 µg/ml). Additionally, the anti-M. tuberculosis activity shown by spathulenol was established as bactericidal on drug-resistant and susceptible strains of M. tuberculosis. Finally, cytotoxic activity on the Vero cell line (CC50 = 95.7 µg/ml) indicated that spathulenol is a selective anti-M. tuberculosis compound, with a selective index of 15.31 against drug-resistant clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo Realizar una evaluación retrospectiva de 150 pacientes de una serie de 570 (26.3%), operados por epilepsia refractaria con diagnóstico de algún tipo de malformación del desarrollo cortical (MDC), desde 1988 a noviembre de 2009. Material y método. 118 niños y 32 adultos; 69 localización temporal (42 niños, 27 adultos) y 81 extratemporal (76 niños y 5 adultos). La evaluación prequirúrgica incluye: características clínico-semiológicas de las crisis epilépticas, EEG de superficie, video EEG, TC y/o RM y evaluación neuropsicológica. Población: varones: 86; mujeres 64; edad, media de 6.7 años (rango: 6 m 18.9 a) en los niños y media de 31.3 años (rango: 19-59 a) en los adultos. Evolución de epilepsia: media de 4.9 años para los niños (rango: 1 mes a 17 años) y media de 13.8 (rango: 2 meses a 50 años). Aspectos clínicos: tipos de crisis: pudiendo un mismo paciente presentar más de una de ellas, vinculadas a la localización, CPS, ausencias, crisis tónicas, automatismos, crisis versivas, CPC, anopsia transitoria, drop attacks, Startle epilepsia, escotoma, automatismos masticatorios, crisis clónicas, fotopsia, desviación ocular, head attacks. Imágenes: la TC fue normal en 5, y se realizó IRM en todos a partir de 1996
Objective: To evaluate the surgical results in a group of patients with epilepsy associated with cortical development malformations (CDM). Method: A retrospective study in 150 patients of a series of 570 patients (26.3%) who have undergone surgery for intractable epilepsy with a diagnosis of CDM, since 1988. Clinical features,scalp EEG, video EEG, CT scan, MRI and neuropsychological evaluation were assessed. Population: males: 86 patients, females: 64; mean age, children: 6.7 years (range: 0,5-18.9) and adults: 31.3 years (range: 19-59); mean evolution of epilepsy, children: 4.9 years (range: 1mo-17 yr.), adults: 13.8 years (range: 2mo-50 yr.). Clinical manifestations: CPS, absences,tonic crises, automatisms and versive crises, CPS, transitory anopsia, drop attacks and Startle epilepsy, scotoma, masticatory automatisms, clonic crises, photopsia, eye deviation and head attacks. Imaging: CT scan was normal in 5, and MRI was performed since 1996. Twenty of 150 (13.3%) required chronic intracranial electrodes implantation. Surgical procedures: resectives: lesionectomies 63 (wide lesionectomy, 17 and + MST, 5), standard anterior temporal lobectomies (SATL) 37, anteromesial resections (Spencer) 9, corticectomies 11(+MST, 1),amigdalo- hippocampectomies 3, anatomic hemispherectomy 1, lobectomy1 and polectomies 4; disconnecting procedures: functional hemispherectomies (FH) 10, hemispherotomy 4, hemi-hemispherectomy 1, multiple subpial transection (MST) 1 and 2 callosotomies...
Subject(s)
Cerebral Cortex , EpilepsyABSTRACT
Oviposition site preference of Plutella xylostella (L.) and the parasitism by Trichogramma pretiosum Riley on cabbage plants at pre- and post-head formation were investigated in commercial cabbage field. Groups of six plants were randomly caged. In each cage three pairs of 24h-old P. xylostella moths were released, followed by 1,200 T. pretiosum females released 12h later. After 48h from parasitoid release, plants were harvested and fully inspected with the oviposition mapped according to the leaf position and their parts (basal, median and border) and upper and bellow leaf surfaces. Moth oviposition and egg parasitism were equally distributed across the plant leaves at the pre-head formation stage. At this stage, the basal part and the upper leaf surface were the preferred places for oviposition and egg parasitism, respectively. Cabbage plants at the post-head formation stage exhibited greater oviposition and egg parasitism in the inner leaf attached to the head. At this stage, the leaf border and the upper leaf surface were the preferred places for oviposition and egg parasitism, respectively. The infestation of P. xylostella on cabbage can be determined by egg counting at the pre- and post-head formation stages at the basal part of the leaves or at the border of the leaf attached to the head, respectively. And, in both plant stages parasitized eggs by T. pretiosum are more likely to be found at the upper leaf surface.
Subject(s)
Animals , Hymenoptera/physiology , Lepidoptera/parasitology , Brassica/parasitology , Ovum/parasitologyABSTRACT
O sucesso no uso de Trichogramma como agente de controle biológico depende de sua produção em laboratório que é etapa fundamental, entre outras, em qualquer programa de controle biológico. Este trabalho investigou a capacidade de parasitismo de Trichogramma pratissolii Querino & Zuchi, uma nova espécie encontrada, parasitando ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) e Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) submetidos a 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 e 33°C. Ovos desses hospedeiros foram oferecidos para fêmeas recém-emergidas por 24h. Esse procedimento foi repetido para cada fêmea e temperatura até a morte das fêmeas do parasitóide, para estimar o parasitismo diário, acumulado e a longevidade das fêmeas. Em ambos hospedeiros, o parasitismo diário decresceu em função da idade da fêmea. Em todas as temperaturas estudadas e ambos hospedeiros, o maior parasitismo ocorreu durante as primeiras 24h e, atingiu 80 por cento do total no quarto e terceiro dias quando parasitou A. kuehniella e C. cephalonica, respectivamente. Para ambos os hospedeiros os maiores índices de parasitismo foram observados entre 21°C e 27°C. A longevidade média de fêmeas de T. pratissolii sem alimento e provenientes de ovos de A. kuehniella e C. cephalonica sobreviveram de 1,0 a 8,9 dias, quando criadas a 15°C e 33°C, respectivamente. Os resultados encontrados indicam que ovos de A. kuehniella e C. cephalonica e temperaturas de 21°C a 27°C foram apropriados para criação de T. pratissolii.
The successful use of Trichogramma as biocontrol agent depends on its mass production in laboratory, a fundamental step for any biological control program among other factors. This work investigated the parasitism capacity of Trichogramma pratissolii Querino & Zuchi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), a new recorded Trichogramma species, parasitizing eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) and Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under the temperatures of 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and 33°C. Eggs of these hosts were offered to newly emerged females during 24h. This procedure was repeated daily for each female and each temperature up to female death, in order to estimate daily and accumulated parasitism, and female longevity. On both hosts, the daily parasitism decreased as function of the female age. Under all temperatures studied and both hosts the highest rate of parasitism was observed during the first 24h of host exposure, and reached 80 percent of total parasitism in the 4th and 3rd days when parasitizing A. kuehniella and C. cephalonica, respectively. On both hosts, the highest parasitism rate was observed under temperatures from 21°C to 27°C. Average longevities of T. pratissolii females deprived of food emerging from A. kuehniella and C. cephalonica lived for 1.0 and 8.9 days when reared at 15°C e 33°C, respectively. The results indicate that eggs of A. kuehniella and C. cephalonica and temperatures from 21°C to 27°C were appropriate to rear T. pratissolii.
Subject(s)
Animals , Hymenoptera/physiology , Lepidoptera/parasitology , Temperature , LongevityABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a biologia e as exigências térmicas de Trichogramma pratissolii Querino & Zucchi em Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) e Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), nas temperaturas de 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 e 33°C. A porcentagem de emergência de T. pratissolii em A. kuehniella foi maior a 27°C, e em C. cephalonica, foi maior às temperaturas de 24°C a 30°C. O limite térmico inferior de desenvolvimento (Tb) e a constante térmica (K) de T. pratissolii foram 12,59°C (Tb) e 122,85 graus-dias (K) em A. kuehniella e 11,73°C (Tb) e 139,80 graus-dias (K) em C. cephalonica. Os resultados indicam que ambos hospedeiros A. kuehniella e C. cephalonica podem ser utilizados para criação massal de T. pratissolii. A melhor temperatura para desenvolvimento da forma imatura e para a emergência de T. pratissolii em A. kuehniella foi 27°C e, em C. cephalonica, na faixa de 24°C a 30°C.
The objective of this work was to study the biology and determine the thermal requirements of Trichogramma pratissolii Querino & Zucchi reared on Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and 33°C. The highest percentage of emergence of T. pratissolii was obtained at 27°C on A. kuehniella and from 24°C to 30°C on C. cephalonica. The lower threshold temperature (Tb) and the thermal requirement (K) of T. pratissolii were 12.59°C (Tb) and 122.85 degree-days (K) when reared on A. kuehniella and 11.73°C (Tb) and 139.80 degree-days (K) on C. cephalonica. These results indicate that both A. kuehniella and C. cephalonica are suitable hosts for T. pratissolii mass rearing. The optimal temperature for the immature development and emergence of T. pratissolii on A. kuehniella was 27°C and 24°C to 30°C on C. cephalonica.
Subject(s)
Diptera/classification , Diptera/growth & development , Diptera/microbiology , Diptera/parasitology , Diptera/pathogenicityABSTRACT
Dural detachment from the brain in cranial reoperations has been accomplished previously by selective coagulation and cutting of brain cutting procedures led the authors ultrasonic aspiration during tumor surgery or brain cutting procedures led the authors to speculate that detachment of the duramater from the brain tumors by appling the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) to the brain-duramater interface could be used to reduce bleeding and facilitate dural opening during cranial re-operations. Thus, the use of ultrasonic aspiration and its effects on brain separation from the duramater were examined. Ten patients underwent a second craniotomy for epilepsy surgery (5 cases of extended temporal lobectomy and 5 cases of extended extratemporal lesionectomy). Intraoperative use of the CUSA during dural opening produced immediate blanching of the duramater and enhanced visualization of the cortical surface without distortion of the brain anatomy. Incremental dural opening and brain visualization is achieved by careful application of ultrasonic aspiration directly into the brain-dura limit, producing immediate regional dural devascularization. Use of this technique reduces cortical and dural bleeding and enhances the ease and effectiveness of brain visualization
Subject(s)
Dura Mater , Endosonography , Epilepsy , MicrosurgeryABSTRACT
Características biológicas de Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, 1988 foram avaliadas em laboratório onde esses parasitóides foram criados com ovos de Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), com ou sem mel, e expostos a ovos do hospedeiro após 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 e 84 horas da emergência. As taxas de parasitismo e de viabilidade mostraram-se elevadas para indivíduos que receberam alimento. A razão sexual não foi influenciada pelo alimento. O número de indivíduos por ovo somente mostrou diferença para aqueles adultos que não receberam alimento e permaneceram 6 horas sem ovos do hospedeiro. Conferindo o efeito da disponibilidade de ovos, somente a razão sexual, com ou sem mel, não mostrou diferenças. Os resultados mostram que T. galloi necessita de um suprimento de carboidratos e que o tempo pode influenciar a capacidade reprodutiva.
Subject(s)
Hymenoptera/physiology , Lepidoptera/parasitology , Ovum/parasitology , Pest Control, Biological , Host-Parasite Interactions/physiologyABSTRACT
Dried Anopheles farauti mosquitos caught in Solomon Islands in 1990 were examined for malaria sporozoites by ELISA and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Only heads and thoraces were used. Plasmodium genus-specific nested PCR amplifications were carried out on all samples. Of the 402 pools of mosquitos that were processed, 30 were positive for malaria. Nest 1 products of positive samples were subjected to further PCR amplifications with species-specific primers for P. falciparum and P. vivax. Twenty pools were positive for P. vivax by PCR while only 7 were positive by ELISA. For P. falciparum 2 pools were positive by both ELISA and PCR, and one of these was a pool which was positive for P. vivax by PCR and ELISA. Thus the sensitivity of PCR for P. vivax was 100% while the specificity was 96.7%. For P. falciparum the sensitivity and specificity were 100%. The PCR technique is highly sensitive and can be used on dried mosquitos which makes it a valuable tool for determining sporozoite rates of mosquitos, even in remote areas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anopheles/parasitology , DNA, Protozoan/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Malaria/parasitology , Melanesia , Plasmodium falciparum/growth & development , Plasmodium vivax/growth & development , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Una de las principales variables en la morbimortalidad perinatal es el peso al nacer. El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es determinar la precisión de los modelos ecográficos actualmente más utilizados en la estimación del peso fetal en nuestra población. Se examinaron en forma retrospectiva durante un período de 36 meses un total de 200 embarazadas con gestaciones únicas que tuvieron un parto dentro de los 7 días posteriores a un examen ecográfico. El Diámetro Biparietal (DBP), la Longitud Femoral (LF) y la Circunferencia Abdominal (CA) fueron medidos en todos los casos. La estimación del peso fetal fue efectuada por cuatro métodos diferentes basados en el modelo de regresión lineal que utilizaron respectivamente el CA; CA-DBP; CA y LF; YDBP, LF y CA. Los resultados fueron comparados con el peso al nacer al momento del parto. El método de Shepard fue el que mostró mayor precisión en la estimación del peso fetal: Error porcentual: - 0,86; Desviación Estándar: 9,41. Los otros modelos presentaron diferentes variaciones para distintos rangos de peso al nacer. Todas las fórmulas demostraron una subestimación significativa a partir del séptimo día de intervalo entre el examen ecográfico y el momento del parto
Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Birth Weight , Fetus , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods , Forecasting/methods , Predictive Value of Tests , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
El tratamiento del carcinoma epidermoide de vulva es eminentemente quirúrgico, con excelentes resultados en estadios iniciales. Sin embargo, cuando la enfermedad se halla localmente avanzada, la eficacia de la cirugía decae significativamente, siendo la recurrencia local una situación sumamente frecuente a pesar del mayor esfuerzo quirúrgico. Objetivos: Evaluar en un estudio prospectivo la respuesta local a un esquema combinado y simultáneo de quimioterapia y radioterapia en el carcinoma epidermoide de vulva localmente avanzado o recidivado. Material y métodos: Ocho pacientes portadoras de carcinoma epidermoide de vulva localmente avanzado o recidivado fueron sometidas a un protocolo de quimioterapia y radioterapia simultáneas entre julio de 1993 y noviembre de 1994. El criterio de inclusión más importante fue la presencia de tumor vulvar (primario o recidivado) que invadiera estructuras vecinas o que, sin invadirlas, se hallase tan próximo a ellas que requiriera una cirugía exenterativa o no permitiera garantizar un margen de tejido libre satisfactorio sin recurrir a ella. Seis pacientes presentaban tumor primario y dos, recidivas posquirúrgicas. La media del tamaño tumoral fue de 7 cm. (rango 3-15 cm) y la media de superficie tumoral fue de 35 cm (rango 6-150 cm3). Se valoró la respuesta local y la toxicidad aguda al tratamiento. El esquema utilizado consistió en mitomicyn c 10 mg/m2/24 hs. día 1, y 5-fluoruracilo 800 mg/m2/24 hs. en infusión endovenosa continua días 1 a 4. Este esquema se repitió cada 21 días por dos ciclos. Se empleó telecobaltoterapia sobre tumor primario, regiones inguinales y pelvis con una dosis total de 45 -50 Gy., comenzando el día 1 de inicio del esquema...
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Drug Therapy, Combination , Drug Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy , Vulvar Neoplasms/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Drug Therapy/standards , Fluorouracil/adverse effects , Fluorouracil/therapeutic use , Mitomycin/therapeutic use , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/radiotherapy , Vulvar Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Vulvar Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
Se evaluó una nueva sutura monofilamento absorbible sintética poliglecaprone 25, en la práctica ginecoobstétrica, se estudiaron 70 pacientes, 33 obstétricas y 37 ginecológicas. En cuanto a la sutura se practicaron evaluaciones trans y posoperatorias, así como sus características en cuanto a la fuerza tensil, memoria, ajuste, etc., se concluye que es un excelente material de sutura con grandes ventajas sobre otros materiales
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Polymers , Suture TechniquesABSTRACT
Os autores relatam o caso de um homem de 27 anos de idade, näo fumante com história de derrame pleural recidivante, tosse e expectoraçäo sanguinolenta com quatro meses de duraçäo. Teve evoluçäo desfavorável indo ao óbito sem diagnóstico. Necrópsia evidenciou Carcinoma Epidermóide de pulmäo com metástases em múltiplos órgäos
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Se realiza un estudio protocolizado para evaluar la eficacia de ceftriaxona a dosis de 100mg/Kg/día cada 24 horas, en el tratamiento de meningitis bacteriana causada por Haemophilus influenzae y gérmenes indeterminados. Se compara con un grupo de testigo de 20 niños afectados de meningitis por Haemophilus influenzae, tratados con la terapéutica convencional (ampicilina y/o cloranfenicol). Los aspectos primordialmente evaluados en ambos grupos para comparar eficacia de tratamiento, fueron los referidos a la negativización bacteriológica y evolución citoquímica del L.C.R. hasta su normalización y consiguiente suspensión del tratamiento, observado en los resultados un comportamiento discretamente más satisfactorio con ceftriaxona. La evolución clínica final en cuanta a las secuelas inmediatas confirmadas y muerte fue similar en ambos grupos. La comprobación de mínimas reacciones adversas y la ventaja indiscutible de sus administración en una sola dosis, destaca a ceftriaxona como un antibiótico adecuado para el tratamiento de meningitis bacteriana a Haemophilus influenzae y gérmenes indeterminados